Typically, a solar street light consists of four components – Solar panel, battery, LED light source and solar driver card. Solar panel collects power from sunrays and converts it into electrical energy. The solar driver card (with built-in solar charge controller) facilitates the charging of battery using this energy generated by solar panel during daytime. Solar driver card also switches ON the solar light automatically after sunset and switches it OFF after sunrise. The battery undergoes one charge & discharge cycle per day. Various battery chemistries are used in solar streetlights these days (including LiFePO4, Lithium-ion, Maintenance free – Lead acid, Tubular – Lead acid, etc.) The solar driver card detects the day / night condition by measuring the solar panel terminal voltage. During daytime, solar panel terminals have positive voltage more than 10V, while at night/evening the panel voltage is less than 5V. This way, the solar streetlights can switch ON /OFF at optimum time in any weather condition.
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